Category:1973 films
Category:Indian films
Category:Indian comedy-drama films
Category:1970s Hindi-language films
Category:Indian comedy films
Category:Indian drama filmsA retrospective and systematic review of hepatitis C, B and HIV co-infection, and the therapeutic effects on chronic hepatitis C.
Although the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has decreased in recent decades, the proportion of co-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still increasing, especially in industrialized nations. This review summarizes the published data on therapeutic strategies for HCV-related liver disease, including antiviral therapy for hepatitis B and HIV. In addition, therapeutic strategies for HBV and HIV, with particular emphasis on liver disease in these co-infected patients, are reviewed. The PubMed database was searched using the terms "hepatitis C", "hepatitis B", "hepatitis C and HIV", "hepatitis B and HIV", "hepatitis C and HIV", "hepatitis B and HIV", "hepatitis C and antiviral therapy", "hepatitis B and antiviral therapy", "hepatitis C and HIV with antiretroviral therapy", "hepatitis B and antiretroviral therapy", "hepatitis C and antiviral therapy in HIV", "hepatitis B and antiviral therapy in HIV" and "hepatitis C and ribavirin". A thorough literature search was conducted using the PubMed database for information related to HCV, HBV and HIV, and the effects of combined antiviral therapy in the treatment of chronic HCV infection. Combination therapy with interferon-alpha and ribavirin is effective for chronic hepatitis C, but for patients co-infected with HIV, the efficacy of antiviral therapy is limited. In HIV patients, low baseline CD4+ cell count, high viral load, and the use of protease inhibitors and/or stavudine significantly decrease the efficacy of interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination therapy. Compared to HIV patients, HBV-infected patients exhibit a high prevalence of compensated cirrhosis or decompensated cirrhosis. In HIV-HCV co-infected patients, the prevalence of decompensated cirrhosis is not higher than in HCV patients, although the risk for progression of liver disease is higher. Ther be359ba680
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